Cytology and cell‐block immunohistochemistry of circulating tumour cells

Circulating tumour cells in breast cancer

Evaluation of isolated tumour cells in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood has become a major focus of translational cancer research. The presence of disseminated tumour cells in BM is a common phenomenon observed in 30-40% of primary breast cancer patients and independently predicts reduced clinical outcome. The detection of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in blood might become a desired alt...

Circulating tumour cells in breast cancer--review.

Disseminated malignancies are responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. During the metastatic process, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are generated. The presence of CTCs, epithelial cells found in the peripheral blood, is an essential step in establishing distant metastases. Circulating epithelial cells have the morphology of malignant cells and their number in the blood correlate...

Detection and Characterization of Circulating Tumour Cells in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease despite recent therapeutic improvements. The ability to detect and characterize MM circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood provides an alternative to replace or augment invasive bone marrow (BM) biopsies with a simple blood draw, providing real-time, clinically relevant information leading to improved disease management and therapy ...

Circulating Tumour Cells: Implications and Methods of Detection

Diagnostic technologies for circulating tumour cells and exosomes.

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and exosomes are promising circulating biomarkers. They exist in easily accessible blood and carry large diversity of molecular information. As such, they can be easily and repeatedly obtained for minimally invasive cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Because of their intrinsic differences in counts, size and molecular contents, CTCs and exosomes pose unique sets of...